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The Skype team has worked hard and we have added the possibility to Custom your reactions , with 8. Named modules are all about defining the surface area of your API. Now that we have a tool which allows us to hide implementation details that would otherwise be unnecessary for consumers, we can start to think about what the accessible parts of the API should be.
In this file we have the following declarations:. As such we can define the module like so:. Notice that we do not even need to export the declaration of the class RandomNumberGenerator. Do not be afraid to put compiled code in an interface, it is its own translation unit and obeys the rules of compiled code.
When we move code into a modules world, and in particular 3rd party code, we need to take some things into consideration: what part of the library do we want to expose? What runtime requirements are in the library if it is header only?
With modules we start to have answers to these questions based on the requirements of our project. Integrating 3rd party library functionality into modularized projects is one of the most interesting parts of using modules because modules give us tools we never had before to deal with ODR One Definition Rule and name resolution.
It is easy to integrate into projects because it is a single header file and the interfaces are simple—which plays to our advantage in deciding what parts of the library we want to expose.
You will immediately notice that the color constants are mysteriously missing. This is because these constants are defined with static linkage in the header file so we cannot export them directly and the reason is buried in standardese. It is simpler to remember that you cannot export an internal linkage entity i.
The way to get around this is wrap them in a function which has module linkage:. Once we have these functions, we need to replace any instance of olc::COLOR with its respective call to our exported color function. And that is it! Just as before, you add this to the CMakeLists. Once you have gone through the exercise of modularizing more and more of the project you might find that your main program begins to reflect the header file version:.
To understand what I am talking about let us look at a header file equivalent of grouping common functionality. The problem, of course, is while this is convenient and you do not need to think about which specific file to include for your current project, you end up paying the cost of every header file in the package regardless of if you use it or not.
We can also do the same for anything under Util. This leads us to a rather, I think, respectable looking ball-pit. It was a little bit of a journey getting here, and there are learnings along the way.
You can check out the code, configure, and build it the same as we covered earlier using Visual Studio version With modules there is an up-front cost in building our interfaces. With the old inclusion model, we did not have to build our include files explicitly only implicitly. We end up building more up front, but the result is that we can REPL our main program and its components much, much faster.
Here is a snapshot of the difference:. Note: these times were an average of 10 runs. You can see the results yourself by observing the c1xx. The process of using named modules in complex projects can be time consuming, but this type of refactor pays off in both reducing development costs associated with recompiling and code hygiene. Named modules give us so much more than simply better compile times and in the above we have only scratched the surface of what is possible.
Stay tuned for more modules educational content from us in the future! As always, we welcome your feedback. Feel free to send any comments through e-mail at visualcpp microsoft. Also, feel free to follow me on Twitter starfreakclone. For suggestions or bug reports, let us know through DevComm. Comments are closed. Glad to see another one of these modules post, converting a larger scenario with open source dependencies. If a large enough program uses this library, and one of its dependencies imports this library while another dependency includes it, will we properly get one instantiation of SomeSymbol code?
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